• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for producing coal (2), in particular activated and / or biochar, from, preferably lumpy, fuel (6) using the countercurrent principle is shown, in which the fuel (6) is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor (3) and converted into coal (2) is pyrolysed directly by the pyrolysis reactor (3) a hot gas (4.1) is fed from an oxidation chamber (4), which hot gas (4.1) is in the oxidation chamber (4) by combustion of a carbonization gas (3.1) from the pyrolysis reactor ( 3) forms. In order to simplify the start-up of pyrolysis using the countercurrent principle without negatively affecting the quality of the coal produced, it is proposed that the fuel (6) introduced when starting up the pyrolysis reactor (3) is burned with fresh air (7) supplied.
    公开号:AT522059A1
    申请号:T18/2019
    申请日:2019-01-16
    公开日:2020-08-15
    发明作者:Ing August Hermann Zöchbauer Dipl；Ing Pia Maria Dietachmair Dipl
    申请人:Dipl Ing August Hermann Zoechbauer；Ing Pia Maria Dietachmair Dipl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "1-
    The invention relates to a device and a method for producing coal, in particular activated and / or biochar, from, preferably lumpy, fuel using the countercurrent principle, in which the fuel is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysed directly to coal by adding a hot gas to the pyrolysis reactor is supplied from an oxidation chamber, which hot gas is formed in the oxidation chamber by combustion of a carbonisation gas from the pyrolysis reactor.
    EP 0 216 229 A2 discloses pyrolysis using the countercurrent principle, in which lumpy fuel is pyrolysed directly in a pyrolysis reactor by a hot gas formed in an oxidation chamber by burning a carbonization gas from the pyrolysis reactor. To start up the pyrolysis reactor, the oxidation chamber has a supporting firing system which brings the hot gas to pyrolysis temperature for direct pyrolysis in the pyrolysis reactor.
    In addition to the fact that auxiliary firing disadvantageously requires additional fuel, the combustion of this additional fuel, which differs in composition from that lump fuel in a pyrolysis reactor, can also have an adverse effect on the quality of the coal produced. In addition, comparatively complex control measures are required, via auxiliary firing in the oxidation chamber, in order to set the temperature in the pyrolysis reactor appropriately, which can also have a detrimental effect on the quality of the coal produced - at least that produced when the pyrolysis reactor is started up. ;
    On the basis of the prior art described at the beginning, the invention has therefore set itself the task of starting up pyrolysis in the countercurrent principle in the process.
    to simplify the process without affecting the quality of the coal produced.
    16/01/2019 17:30 no .: R348 L1 P.003 / 024
    -2-
    The invention solves the problem set for the method by the features of claim 1.
    If, when starting up the pyrolysis reactor, the fuel introduced is burned with the supply of fresh air, it can be ensured that the coal produced is formed almost exclusively in the operating state of direct pyrolysis using the countercurrent principle - i.e. according to the operating state of startup. The conversion process of the combustion of the fuel during start-up avoids uncontrolled pyrolysis residues in the pyrolysis reactor, which avoids contamination of the coal produced. The inventive method can therefore reproducibly ensure a high quality of the coal produced therewith. In addition, starting up the pyrolysis reactor by burning the fuel introduced is comparatively easy to handle - known for example from boilers by regulating the amount of fresh air supplied. Fresh air is preferably supplied as primary air. Fresh air can also be used as secondary air or represent part of the secondary air. Fresh air can also be referred to as combustion air.
    In general, it is mentioned that in the case of direct pyrolysis, the material to be pyrolyzed is heated by combustion gases. The pyrolysis can thus gain the required thermal energy from the pyrolysis material itself. In general, it is also mentioned that "burned" or "pyrolysed" means that the material
    Conversion process Combustion of the fuel or pyrolysis of the fuel takes place.
    The effort required to regulate the operating state of direct pyrolysis using the countercurrent principle in the pyrolysis reactor can be further reduced if the hot gas flows into the pyrolysis reactor due to a variable differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber.
    16/01/2019 17:30 no .: R348 L1 P.004 / 024
    For example, the differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber can be set by means of a propellant nozzle, in particular provided between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber. An injector nozzle can preferably represent this driving nozzle - and also form a gas connection between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber. In addition, this can - known from the prior art - avoid moving parts in areas exposed to comparatively high temperatures, which can reproducibly pyrolyze fuel.
    The propellant nozzle preferably sucks in carbonization gas from the pyrolysis reactor by blowing in propellant gas, in particular containing the fresh air, in order, for example, to regulate the combustion of the carbonization gas in the oxidation chamber.
    When starting up the pyrolysis reactor, a reduction in the flow resistance can be achieved if the pyrolysis reactor has a first gas valve that bridges the propellant nozzle and which is opened during start-up in order, for example, to discharge a combustion gas from the pyrolysis reactor with little resistance. The first gas valve can be designed, for example, as a rotary disk valve - which further simplifies the design. In addition, the first gas valve can be opened to clean the pyrolysis reactor and / or the propellant nozzle, via which hot gas flows from the oxidation chamber into the pyrolysis reactor. This is because the hot gas can safely reduce or remove deposits in the pyrolysis reactor and / or on the propellant nozzle by increasing the temperature and oxidation. For example, these volatile deposits are sucked off with the aid of the propellant nozzle and burned in the oxidation chamber. A rotary disk valve can be particularly suitable as the first gas valve,
    As an alternative to a motive nozzle, the differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber can be set by a fan, in particular a compressor, for example a high-temperature compressor. The fan can preferably be provided after the oxidation chamber, for example in order to reduce the risk of tar-containing deposits.
    16/01/2019 17:31 No .: R348 L1 P.005 / 024
    If the carbonization gas from the pyrolysis reactor is fed to the oxidation chamber provided above the pyrolysis reactor, the gas flow can be conducted more reproducibly. In addition, this enables comparatively rapid heating of the oxidation chamber and thus problem-free ignition of the carbonization gases after start-up. In addition, this arrangement of the oxidation chamber makes it possible to keep the base area of the device small.
    If hot gas flows around the outer shell of the pyrolysis reactor at least in sections, this can keep the pyrolysis of the fuel within narrow limits by making the temperature distribution in the pyrolysis reactor even. In this way it is possible to produce coal of comparatively high quality in a reproducible and stable manner. In addition, this temperature control of the wall
    of the pyrolysis reactor, the risk of caking in the pyrolysis reactor can be reduced.
    It is easy to switch between the operating states if a feed quantity of hot gas into the pyrolysis reactor is set via a second valve of the pyrolysis reactor. For example, the amount of hot gas fed into the pyrolysis reactor can be adjusted, for example by adjusting the height of the grate, in order to have an additional influence on the pyrolysis operating state.
    In addition or as an alternative, a discharge quantity of coal from the pyrolysis reactor can also be set via the second valve of the pyrolysis reactor. This, for example, in that the second valve has a discharge opening on the pyrolysis
    sereaktor opens to discharge coal from the pyrolysis reactor via this discharge opening.
    This setting is preferably possible in a user-friendly manner if a grate in the pyrolysis reactor forms the second valve, which grate is moved, in particular adjusted in height and / or rotated, for this purpose in the pyrolysis reactor.
    16/01/2019 17:32 No .: R348 L1 P.006 / 024
    "5-
    If the discharge device for the coal that follows the pyrolysis reactor is cooled, the quality of the coal produced can be further increased. In addition, it can be ensured that this coal will no longer self-ignite during subsequent storage and / or that a fine fraction of the coal can be bound.
    One of the reasons for this is that the coal is quenched when it is discharged - for example with the help of water (H20). The charcoal produced can be used universally if the charcoal is functionalized in this regard during discharge. For example, deterring it with acidic substances, especially liquids, enables the pH value to be adjusted and, for example, plant nutrients, essentially nitrogen, phosphorus,
    Potassium, can be brought into the coal in the best possible way through appropriate liquids.
    It is also conceivable to further improve this quality, in particular on the inner surface (BET surface), by feeding hot gas enriched with steam and / or with a reducing agent to the pyrolysis reactor when the fuel is pyrolysed.
    The start-up can be carried out particularly efficiently if a sub-stoichiometric reaction condition is set in the pyrolysis reactor and a stoichiometric to over-stoichiometric reaction condition is set in the oxidation chamber.
    The invention has also set itself the task of creating a device which makes it easier to start up the pyrolysis reactor, but which can nevertheless ensure a high quality of the coal produced.
    The invention solves the problem set with regard to the device by the features of claim 15.
    6/23; . 16/01/2019 17:33 no .: R348 L1 P.007 / 024
    .. .. .. .. .. 0000 ° *
    -6-
    If an air supply leading to fresh air opens into the pyrolysis reactor, which is connected to the pyrolysis reactor when the pyrolysis reactor is started up and is designed to bring fresh air into the pyrolysis reactor as primary air in order to burn the fuel in the pyrolysis reactor, it can thus be possible that the coal produced almost dissolves forms exclusively in the operating state of direct pyrolysis in the countercurrent principle -that is, according to the operating state of start-up. The device according to the invention can therefore reproducibly ensure a high quality of the coal produced. In addition, the provision of an air supply leading to fresh air on the device can be solved in a comparatively simple manner in terms of construction, which can reduce the construction expenditure on the device. This also to the effect that no additional structural measures have to be provided on the device for start-up in order to bring the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber to temperature.
    If a driving nozzle, in particular an injector nozzle, is provided between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber, a differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor and the oxidation chamber can be set in an improved manner. In addition, moving parts can be avoided for this, which can simplify the construction.
    If propellant gas, in particular comprising fresh air, is supplied to the propellant nozzle, sulfur gas can be sucked in from the pyrolysis reactor. In addition, this increased amount of air at high flow speeds can ensure a turbulent and thus good mixing of the carbonization gas and the fresh air, which for example reduces the formation of gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and / or nitrogen oxides (NOx).
    A comparatively simple design solution for switching between the different operating states can be found on the device if the pyrolysis reactor has a first gas valve, in particular a rotary disk valve, which bridges the propellant nozzle and is arranged in particular on the cover of the pyrolysis reactor.
    16/01/2019 17:34 no .: R348 L1 P.008 / 024
    having. In addition, this first gas valve can be used to clean the propellant nozzle, whereby the stability of the device can be further increased.
    Alternatively, the differential pressure can be generated if, after the oxidation chamber
    A fan, in particular a compressor, for example a high-temperature compressor, is provided.
    The size of the device can be further reduced if the oxidation chamber is provided above the pyrolysis reactor.
    If the gas duct surrounds the wall of the pyrolysis reactor at least in sections on the outside, it is possible to even out the temperature distribution in the pyrolysis reactor and to reduce deposits from the condensable parts of the carbonization gas.
    adorn, which can keep the progress of the pyrolysis of the fuel within narrow limits,
    A supply amount of hot gas into the pyrolysis reactor and / or a discharge amount of discharged coal from the pyrolysis reactor can be set - simply solved in terms of design - if the pyrolysis reactor has a second valve, in particular in the area of the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor.
    A movable, for example height-adjustable and / or rotatable, grate in the pyrolysis reactor in cooperation with at least one other part of the pyrolysis reactor, preferably the wall of the pyrolysis reactor, preferably forms the second valve.
    In the figures, for example, the subject matter of the invention is based on an execution
    variant shown in more detail. Show it
    1 shows a side view of a torn-open device for producing coal in the “pyrolysis” operating state,
    16/01/2019 17:34 no .: R348 L1 P.009 / 024
    FIG. 2 shows the device shown according to FIG. 1 in a torn and enlarged view in the “start-up” operating state and;
    3 shows a plan view of a pyrolysis reactor of the device according to FIG. 1 in the “start-up” or “cleaning” operating state.
    According to FIGS. 1 to 2, for example, a device 1 for carrying out the method for producing carbon 2, namely activated carbon, is shown. This device 1 has, inter alia, a pyrolysis reactor 3, an oxidation chamber 4 connected to the pyrolysis reactor 3, and a gas channel 5.
    When coal 2 is produced from lumpy fuel 6 using the countercurrent principle, the pyrolysis reactor 3 is in a pyrolysis operating state in which the fuel 6 is pyrolysed directly to form coal 2. Here, a hot gas 4.1 is fed to the pyrolysis reactor 3 from an oxidation chamber 4 - specifically via the gas channel 5, which connects to the oxidation chamber 4 and to the pyrolysis reactor 3.
    The pyrolysis operating state is shown in FIG. The hot gas 4.1 flows through the pyrolysis reactor 3 according to the countercurrent principle, since this hot gas 4.1 flows in in the lower region of the pyrolysis reactor 3. The hot gas 4.1 is produced in the oxidation chamber 4 by burning a carbonization gas 3.1 from the pyrolysis reactor 3.
    Before the “pyrolysis” operating state, in which 400 to 1000 degrees Celsius prevail in the pyrolysis reactor 3, the pyrolysis reactor 3 must be started up. At this temperature, a comparatively high quality of the coal produced can be achieved. The pyrolysis reactor is preferably kept at 550 to 850 ° C. in order to pyrolyze the fuel 6 to form coal 2 directly.
    According to the invention, the “start-up” operating state is characterized in that the fuel 6 introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 3 is burned as combustion air with the supply of fresh air 7, which operating state can be seen in FIG. 2.
    16/01/2019 17:35 No .: R348 L1 P.010 / 024
    .. .. .. .. .o 00008. .. .. .. .. ° °. .. ee. ° .. ® ® ° .. .. ® .. ® ° ° .. .. eo ° .. °
    .. .. .. 00 ... .. ..
    The fresh air 7 is supplied at least as primary air. In contrast to the prior art, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention therefore require no additional fuel and / or no additional combustion chamber. In addition, due to the preferably complete combustion in the “start-up” operating state, no pyrolysis residues or fuel residues arise in the pyrolysis reactor 3 - which avoids contamination of the coal 2, produced in the “pyrolysis” operating state with comparatively narrow process parameters. This can be. can be achieved, for example, when a combustion air ratio X of 0.3 to 1.6, in particular 0.3 to 0.9, is set in the pyrolysis reactor 3 for start-up. A substoichiometric reaction condition with a combustion air ratio A of less than 1 is preferably set for start-up in the pyrolysis reactor 3. With a lower combustion air ratio A, for example 0.3 to 0.5 and an increased fuel bed height, the formation of fine dust emissions, essentially calcium and potassium compounds, can be reduced to a minimum when starting up.
    be reduced, which enables a low-pollutant combustion of the fuel.
    It can thus be ensured in a reproducible manner that the carbon 2 produced according to the invention has a particularly high quality.
    According to FIG. 1 it can also be seen that the pyrolysis reactor 3 has hot gas 4.1 flowing around it on the outer jacket side. This ensures an additional temperature input into the pyrolysis reactor 3 and an equalization of the temperature of the wall 12.1 of the pyrolysis reactor 3.
    As can be seen in the comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2, a second valve 8, namely a grate 8.1 - in the exemplary embodiment a conical grate - can be adjusted linearly in height in the pyrolysis reactor 3. This height adjustment makes it possible to switch between the operating states. Thus, depending on its altitude 9.1, 9.2, the size of the hot gas opening 10 and discharge opening 11 in the wall 12.1 of the pyrolysis reactor 3 are changed or opened or closed. In this way, the
    16/01/2019 17:36 no .: R348 L1 P.011 / 024
    -10-
    The supply amount of hot gas 4.1 can be set or coal 2 can also be discharged from the pyrolysis reactor 3 - the latter in particular by rotating the grate 8.1. The device 1 is therefore comparatively easy to handle and, thanks to its special construction, is also stable in every operating state. As shown in more detail in FIG. 2, the grate 8.1 forms the bottom 12.2 of the pyrolysis reactor 3. ;
    The deposits in the pyrolysis reactor 3 that arise during pyrolysis and / or combustion are removed in the “cleaning” operating state by opening the first gas valve 13, which, for example, forms the cover of the pyrolysis reactor 3. In Fig. 3, the first gas valve 13 is not shown fully open, but this can be the case.
    For this purpose, the first gas valve 13 connects to the gas channel 5 and can thus bridge the injector nozzle 14.1 in the gas flow to the oxidation chamber 4 with comparatively little resistance. By opening the first gas valve 13, hot gas 4.1 flows into the upper inner area of the pyrolysis reactor 3 and reliably removes deposits or pyrolysis residues by increasing the temperature in this area. The gas valve 13 is designed as a rotary disk valve, simply solved in terms of construction.
    The first gas valve 13 is also open in the “start-up” operating state of the pyrolysis reactor 3 in order to discharge the combustion gases 3.2 from the pyrolysis reactor 3 with little resistance and thus to accelerate the start-up. The grate 8.1 closes the hot gas openings 10 and discharge openings 11 in this operating state.
    In the “pyrolysis” operating state, a differential pressure between pyrolysis reactor 3 and oxidation chamber 4 and gas channel 5 ensures that hot gas 4.1 flows into pyrolysis reactor 3 according to the countercurrent principle.
    16/01/2019 17:37 no .: R348 L1 P.012 / 024
    .. .. .. .. .. ... B. ° .. .. .. .. ° ° e .. .. ° ... °. ® .. .. ® .. ® ® Lad .. ... oe ° .. ° .. .. .. 00090080 00 ..
    "11 -
    According to the invention, this differential pressure is variable (- namely adjustable -), specifically with the aid of a driving nozzle 14. This driving nozzle 14 is provided between the pyrolysis reactor 3 and the oxidation chamber 4 and connects them in the form of an injector nozzle 14.1. By blowing in propellant gas, namely fresh air 7, the propellant nozzle 14 sucks in carbonization gas 3.1 from the pyrolysis reactor 3 and carries this carbonization gas 3.1 into the oxidation chamber 4 for combustion in the “pyrolysis” operating state. The injector geometry can also ensure good mixing of combustion and pyrolysis gases and can be specially designed for this purpose.
    Furthermore, the method according to the invention is structured as follows in the various operating states:
    "Start up" operating state:
    To start up the device, the pyrolysis reactor 3 is operated in the “start-up” operating state. This is characterized by the conversion process combustion. For this purpose, the rotatable and height-adjustable grate 8.1 is raised to such an extent that the pyrolysis reactor 3 is closed at the bottom. In addition, in the “start-up” operating state, the recirculation openings 13.1 of the first gas valve 13 at the upper end of the pyrolysis reactor 3 are open - as can be seen in FIG. 3.
    Lumpy fuel 6, for example wood chips, straw, leaves, hay, etc. is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 3 via a screw conveyor 15, which then falls onto the grate 8.1 arranged below. A specified dump height, for example approx. 2-5 cm, is aimed for. The fuel 6 is ignited by an ignition device, not shown. The primary air quantity of fresh air 7 required for the combustion is conveyed to the ember bed of the fuel 6 by a feed device (not shown) via openings on the underside of the pyrolysis reactor 3. The combustion gases 3.2 flow upward in the pyrolysis reactor 3 and leave it through the recirculation openings 13.1 of the first gas valve 13. The first gas valve 13 is through a rotatably arranged disc with recesses and a
    16/01/2019 17:37 No .: R348 L1 P.013 / 024
    "12-
    Fixed disc made of refractory material (for example cordierite) with segment-shaped openings. This first gas valve 13 can also be designed as a flap etc.
    A combustion air ratio A of approximately 0.3 to 1.6, in particular 0.3 to 0.9, is set in the pyrolysis reactor 3. A sub-stoichiometric reaction condition with a combustion air ratio A of less than 1 is preferably set. The combustion gases 3.2 heat the pyrolysis reactor 3, the propellant nozzle 14 and the oxidation combustion chamber 5. In the primary oxidation combustion chamber 5, a measurement of the combustion ratio (not shown) with a broadband lambda probe is provided, which forms the basis for regulating the fresh air 7.
    The hot combustion gases 3.2 flow downward in the annular gap 5.1 between the pyrolysis reactor 3 and the outer housing 16 of the device 1 and leave this through the opening into the subsequent secondary combustion zone 17. In this, the post-combustion takes place under a superstoichiometric reaction condition with a combustion air ratio greater than or equal to 1, for example 1.1-1.5 instead.
    The combustion gases 3.2 are then cooled in the water-guided tube bundle heat exchanger 18 and leave the device 1 through an induced draft fan (not shown) into a chimney.
    In the “start-up” operating state, propellant gas, namely fresh air 7, can also be admixed through the propellant nozzle 14. The amount of propellant gas is not shown by a
    set air control box regulated or set.
    According to the invention, an external ignition device with powers> 1500W such as e.g. B. gas burner, etc. can be omitted.
    "Pyrolysis" operating status:
    16/01/2019 17:38 no .: R348 L1 P.014 / 024
    "13 -
    If the temperature of the oxidation chamber 4 rises above the self-ignition temperature of the carbonization gas / air mixture in the “start-up” operating state, the “pyrolysis” operating state can be switched over. This is because the temperature for self-ignition of the carbonization gas 3.1 is reached in the oxidation chamber 4, whereby hot gas 4.1 can be generated in the oxidation chamber 4,
    For this switching process it is preferably necessary to increase the bed height of fuel 6 in the pyrolysis reactor 3, for example at the height of the screw 15. During the filling process of the pyrolysis reactor 3, the propellant gas quantity of the propellant nozzle 14 is successively increased, the recirculation openings 13.1 of the first gas valve 13 are closed, the grate 8.1 moved down and the amount of fresh air 7 continuously reduced in the grate 8.1.
    The increased amount of propellant gas produces a differential pressure in the range of 0.1-10 mbar between the pyrolysis reactor 3 and the oxidation chamber 4. This differential pressure drives a flow of the hot gas 4.1 out of the oxidation chamber 4 downwards, through an annular hot gas opening 10 or discharge opening 11 in the pyrolysis reactor 3. The hot gas 4.1 with a temperature of 700 to 1200 degrees Celsius, when flowing through the fuel 6 in countercurrent, causes it to be heated to around 500-850 degrees Celsius with the exclusion of air, which directly pyrolyzes the fuel 6 to form coal 2.
    The tar-containing carbonization gases that escape are sucked off through the propellant nozzle 14 on the fuel bed surface and mixed with a propellant gas, namely fresh air 7, inside the propellant nozzle 14 - and then burn in the oxidation chamber 4 under turbulent conditions at 800 to 1350 degrees Celsius, which takes place continuously.
    16/01/2019 17:39 no .: R348 L1 P.015 / 024
    ® .. .. ee ° * .. ee. .. 000980 0008 ..
    "14 -
    By rotating the grate 8.1, the coal 2 falls onto the, preferably water-cooled, discharge device 19 and is pushed into the discharge screw located horizontally underneath by wiper blades (not shown) which are attached to the underside.
    To cool the still hot coal 2, the other components can be water-cooled and / or the coal 2 can be sprinkled directly with water. Then any conveyor system with a gas-tight closure (rotary valve, flap system, slide) is used.
    "Cleaning" operating status:
    For example, tar can build up over time. These deposits can lead to changes in the geometry of the injector nozzle 14.1 and, as a result, to malfunctions. To remove these deposits, they are removed by opening the first gas valve 13. In FIG. 3, the recirculation openings 13.1 of the first gas valve 13 are not shown fully open, although this can of course be the case. By opening the first gas valve 13, hot gas can flow directly from the oxidation chamber 4 into the pyrolysis reactor 3 and remove such deposits.
    After this cleaning, the first gas valve 13 or its recirculation openings 13.1 is closed and the device 1 can continue to work in the “pyrolysis” operating state.
    16/01/2019 17:40 no .: R348 L1 P.016 / 024
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    1. A method for producing coal (2), in particular activated and / or biochar, from, preferably lumpy, fuel (6) using the countercurrent principle, in which the fuel (6) is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor (3) and converted into coal (2 ) is pyrolysed directly by the pyrolysis reactor (3) a hot gas (4.1) is fed from an oxidation chamber (4), which hot gas (4.1) is in the oxidation chamber (4) by burning a carbonization gas (3.1) from the pyrolysis reactor (3) forms, characterized in that when the pyrolysis reactor (3) is started up, the fuel (6) which has been introduced is burned with fresh air (7) supplied.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot gas (4.1) flows into the pyrolysis reactor (3) due to a variable differential pressure between pyrolysis reactor (3) and oxidation chamber (4).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the oxidation chamber (4) is provided by a propelling nozzle (14), in particular an injector nozzle (14.1), provided in particular between the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the oxidation chamber (4), is set.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the propellant nozzle (14) sucks in carbonization gas (3.1) of the pyrolysis reactor (3) by blowing in propellant gas, in particular having the fresh air (7).
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor (3) has a propelling nozzle (14) bridging first gas valve (13), in particular a rotary disk valve, which is opened when starting up or cleaning the pyrolysis reactor (3) .
    16/01/2019 17:40 No .: R348 L1 P.017 / 024
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the oxidation chamber (4) is set by a fan, in particular a compressor, provided in particular after the oxidation chamber (4).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the oxidation chamber (4) provided above the pyrolysis reactor (3) is supplied with the carbonization gas (3.1) of the pyrolysis reactor (3).
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the pyrolysis reaction
    door (3) on the outer jacket side with hot gas (4.1) at least in sections.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a feed amount of hot gas (4.1) into the pyrolysis reactor (3) and / or a discharge amount of coal (2) from the pyrolysis reactor (3) via a second valve (8 ) of the pyrolysis reactor (3) is set.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a grate (8.1) in the pyrolysis reactor (3) forms the second valve (8), which grate (8.1) is moved, in particular adjusted in height and / or rotated, in the pyrolysis reactor (3) for this purpose .
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the discharge device (19) for the coal (2) following the pyrolysis reactor (3) is cooled.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the coal (2) is quenched and / or functionalized when it is discharged.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that during pyrolysis of the fuel (6) the pyrolysis reactor (3) hot gas (4.1) enriched with steam and / or with a reducing agent is fed.
    16/01/2019 17:41 No .: R348 L1 P.018 / 024
    ... eo. 00 .. 00 0000
    ® 00 009 009 208. *
    ® 08 208 2 ... ®
    ® we 00 0 ..
    ® 00 00 0 8 O9 0. .. .. .. 08900 00 ..
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a substoichiometric reaction condition is set in the pyrolysis reactor (3) and a stoichiometric to overstoichiometric reaction condition is set in the oxidation chamber (4).
    [15]
    15. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 14 with a pyrolysis reactor (3), with an oxidation chamber (4) and with a gas channel (5) adjoining the oxidation chamber (4), which is connected via an adjustable second valve (8 ) opens into the pyrolysis reactor (3) in order to pyrolyze a fuel (6) in the pyrolysis reactor (3) with hot gas (4.1) from the oxidation chamber (4) directly when the second valve (8) is in the open position, with the pyrolysis reactor (3) an air supply leading to fresh air (7) opens which is connected to the pyrolysis reactor (3) when starting up the pyrolysis reactor (3) and is designed to introduce fresh air (7.1) as primary air into the pyrolysis reactor (3) in order to feed the fuel in the pyrolysis reactor (3 ) to burn. ;
    [16]
    16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that a driving nozzle (14), in particular an injector nozzle (14.1), is provided between the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the oxidation chamber (4) in order to set a differential pressure between the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the oxidation chamber (4) .
    [17]
    17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the propellant nozzle (14) propellant gas, in particular comprising the fresh air (7), is supplied in order to suck in carbonization gas (3.1) from the pyrolysis reactor (3).
    [18]
    18. Apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor (3) has a first gas valve (13), in particular a rotary disk valve, which bridges the driving nozzle (14) and which is arranged in particular on the cover (3.1) of the pyrolysis reactor (3) .
    [19]
    19. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that a fan, in particular a compressor, is provided after the oxidation chamber (4).
    16/01/2019 17:42 no .: R348 L1 P.019 / 024
    "4-
    [20]
    20. Device according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the oxidation chamber (4) is provided above the pyrolysis reactor (3).
    [21]
    21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the gas channel (5) the wall (12.1) of the pyrolysis reactor (3) at least. surrounds in sections outside.
    [22]
    22. Device according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor (3) has a second valve (8), which is provided, in particular in the region of the bottom (12.2) of the pyrolysis reactor (3), for setting a supply amount of hot gas (4.1 ) in the pyrolysis reactor (3) and / or a discharge amount of coal (2) from the pyrolysis reactor (3).
    [23]
    23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that a movable, in particular height-adjustable and / or rotatable, grate (8.1) in the pyrolysis reactor (3) in cooperation with at least one other part of the pyrolysis reactor (3), preferably the wall (12.1) of the Pyrolysis reactor (3), the second valve (8) forms.
    16/01/2019 17:42 No .: R348 L1 P.020 / 024
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    同族专利:
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    EP3911599A1|2021-11-24|
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    WO2020146916A1|2020-07-23|
    引用文献:
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    GB1183311A|1966-04-22|1970-03-04|Coal Industry Patents Ltd|The Manufacture of Active Carbon|
    DE3022911A1|1979-10-12|1981-04-23|American Can Co., Greenwich, Conn.|METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGHLY ACTIVATED CARBONATED PRODUCTS|
    CN203878118U|2014-04-16|2014-10-15|孟德义|Biomass thermal cracking furnace|
    DD251043A3|1985-09-19|1987-11-04|Univ Dresden Tech|PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON|
    US20100113267A1|2007-05-17|2010-05-06|Srivats Srinivasachar|System and method for coproduction of activated carbon and steam/electricity|
    AU2009210885A1|2008-01-30|2009-08-13|Eco Technology 2010 Limited|Method and apparatus for the production of carbon fro carboniferous feedstock|
    CA3072383A1|2017-03-23|2018-09-27|Kenny VANREPPELEN|Carbonization and activation of carbon containing material|
    CN108530113A|2018-06-15|2018-09-14|北京三聚绿能科技有限公司|A kind of method of straw thermal cracking coproduction charcoal base manure|CN112852459A|2020-12-24|2021-05-28|陕西煤业化工集团神木天元化工有限公司|Pulverized coal pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    ATA18/2019A|AT522059B1|2019-01-16|2019-01-16|Method and apparatus for producing coal|ATA18/2019A| AT522059B1|2019-01-16|2019-01-16|Method and apparatus for producing coal|
    PCT/AT2020/060009| WO2020146916A1|2019-01-16|2020-01-16|Apparatus and process for producing coal from fuel|
    EP20707343.8A| EP3911599A1|2019-01-16|2020-01-16|Apparatus and process for producing coal from fuel|
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